Reference soil Costa Rica 10: Fluvisol

CR010

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CR010: Fluvisols

presence of cutans is not so convincing. Note: "halloysite" in clay mineralogy is mixture of 0.7 and 1.0 nm material.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Fluvisol (Dystric Arenic)

Dystri-Arenic- Fluvisol

fluvic

0-10 cm	ochric horizon
-	fluvic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Areni-Dystric Fluvisol

Dystric Fluvisol

0-10 cm	ochric A horizon
-	fluvic

0-10 cm	ochric A horizon
-	mottles with chroma <2

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Tropopsamment udic sandy isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	5.5	17.5	30.4	24.4	5.4	83.2	2.6	6.3	8.9	7.9
10-28	-	2.1	8.2	16.2	43.1	19.1	88.7	3.3	2.0	5.3	6.1
28-70	-	0.6	3.9	40.7	41.8	4.9	91.9	0.2	0.2	0.4	7.6
70-100	-	8.6	24.9	33.9	22.4	3.3	93.1	0.7	0.4	1.1	5.8

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	1.300	-	-	4.6	7.9
10-28	-	-	-	4.5	6.1
28-70	-	-	-	4.8	7.6
70-100	-	-	-	3.7	5.8

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-10	1.300	50.0	48.2	46.3	32.9	25.6	22.3	13.0	10.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	5.5	4.5	0.03	-	1.20	0.08	15	-	-	3.0	1.0	0.2	0.1	4.3
10-28	5.7	4.5	0.02	-	0.33	0.03	11	-	-	2.6	0.7	0.1	0.1	3.5
28-70	5.3	4.1	0.04	-	0.06	0	-	-	-	2.7	0.3	0.4	1.0	4.4
70-100	5.0	4.1	0.03	-	0.05	0	-	-	-	1.9	0.3	0.1	0.0	2.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	43	9.9	125	4.2	-	-	1
10-28	47	7.5	123	1.2	-	-	1
28-70	55	8.0	105	0.2	-	-	13
70-100	32	7.3	126	0.2	-	-	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	22	-	0.22	0.07	-	-	-	-	-	1.00
10-28	-	24	-	0.18	0.03	-	-	-	-	-	1.21
28-70	-	17	-	0.12	0.02	-	-	-	-	-	0.98
70-100	-	14	-	0.13	0.00	-	-	-	-	-	0.92

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-10	-	-	12.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-28	-	-	14.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
28-70	-	-	34.1	-	-	-	-	-	-
70-100	-	-	31.8	-	-	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	weak	weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	weak	-	medium to strong	-
10-28	weak	weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	weak	-	medium to strong	-
28-70	-	weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	weak	-	medium to strong	-
70-100	-	weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	weak	-	medium to strong	-

Profile description

AC 0-10 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)MKSA slightly gravelly,weak medium subangular blocky to weakly coherent porous massive,very friable non sticky non plastic,no cutans,few common fine pores and few pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,few worm channels,non-cemented pans,gradual smooth boundary to,
Cg1 10-28 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)medium sand slightly gravelly,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,few fine distinct clear mottles (10YR 5/8) and few fine distinct mottles (10YR 6/2),no cutans,few medium coarse pores slightly porous (<40 vol%),no inclusions,no fragments,few,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Cg2 28-70 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)coarse sand slightly gravelly,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,no cutans,no pores,no inclusions,no fragments,no biological activity,non-cemented pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Cg3 70-100 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)medium sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,few fine distinct clear mottles (10YR 5/6) and few fine distinct mottles (10YR 6/2),no cutans,no pores,no inclusions,no fragments,no biological activity,non-cemented pans,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	fine-grained intermediate igneous rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Soil Depth	28cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	cultivated pasture
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant

Altitude	65m
Physiographic Unit	channel fill of Chirripó river
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial plain
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	irregular
Nature of flood water	fresh
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	250cm
Depth to groundwater table	0cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	100cm
Moist From - To	0-100cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	very slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Costa Rica 10: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CR010: Fluvisols

Classification